Herpes zoster or shingles is an infectious and contagious disease, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. The condition is characterized by inflammation of one or more sensory ganglia and nerve roots in question, and clinically is manifested by an erythematic - vesicular eruption, with living pain, with limited topography (hence the name of shingles).
Varicella-zoster virus persists for a long time (perhaps lifetime) in the body of people who have had a typical chickenpox or an unapparent infection. It made such a persistent infection, nerve ganglia located in the spinal or cranial nerve counterparts.
After chickenpox immune system is strong enough to prevent a relapse, but not enough to suppress virus persistence in lymph or nerve roots. Hence, given declining immunity (stress, intense exercise, trauma), infection can reactivate making a picture of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is thus a reactivation of a latent infection with varicella-zoster virus (and not a reinfection), the clinical response primary is varicella and herpes zoster is the late manifestation of latent infection.
Contagiousness of herpes zoster is safe. Patient with herpes zoster can trigger an outbreak of chicken pox, if they are in contact with children susceptible to varicella. Disease is more common in adults and elderly (90%) and rarely occurs in children (5% of all cases).
Clinical picture
The onset of disease is varied, a few days is usually preceded by fatigue, headache, fever. The main symptom is pain, very intense, felt as a burning or stinging on a track that will appear rash. Strong pain precedes the rash appears, which can lead to errors in diagnosis (appendicitis, pleuritis) and may be accompanied by pain when touched. Pain may persist for
weeks and even months, especially in the elderly which can also cause mental disorders. Inflammation of regional lymph nodes may also precede the rash.
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